Throwing athletes or athletes typically involved in overhead sports like badminton, lawn tennis, squash & baseball typically have a repetitive trauma to the capsule of the joint. The activity involves an impact injury during the deceleration phase of the throw/shot which damages the posterior part of capsule. Due to healing after the injury, scarring takes place which tightens the posterior capsule. This eventually leads to an altered kinematics during throw. During a violent throw this might...

Acromio-clavicular joint is common cause of shoulder pain typically seen in weight lifters, power lifters and athletes involved in overhead sports. This mainly involves loading of the AC joint with supra-physiological weights owing to the requirement. AC joint is a non weight bearing joint and due to repeated stress out of proportion to its ability, leads to early wear tear of cartilage and eventually arthritis settles in. This characteristically manifests as pain of overhead lifting of hand...

Biceps muscle tendon arises from the shoulder joint and is usually inflamed secondary to a rotator cuff pathology or SLAP lesions. Although, in athletes it might occur in isolation also. The main reason is a supra-physiological loading of this tendon due to exercises or repetitive micro-trauma. Fraying of this tendon is commonly seen in overhead athletes and may also be associated with instability and throwing shoulder also. A precise diagnosis is imperative to treatment and needs orthopedic...